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Network Applications
A WAN allows the individual units of a company that is
spread over a large geographical area to share a common information
system. Information from all sections of the company is available to
central managers and data can flow between the different sections as
required. Thus a supermarket chain will have a WAN linking its retail
outlets, its distribution and warehouse sites and its head office. Data
will flow from the individual retail outlets to the distribution
centres so that stock can be replaced as it is sold. Information about
overall sales and performance of individual outlets will be available
centrally.
Some applications of networks are given below:
- Omnitracs - an American parcel carrying firm - has a
system that links individual lorries via satellite to their central
computer. This allows them to direct lorries to pick up packages using
the most efficient routing. Parcels are logged on and off using bar
code readers so that head office can give customers detailed
information about where a particular package is together with an
accurate estimate of delivery time.
- The Nottinghamshire Derby
Yorkshire ambulance service has a similar system see Case Study 4
- Nottinghamshire Yorkshire and Derbyshire supply
hospitals with over 120 000 different items. The have installed
computer terminals in hospitals which allow customers to place an
order. The system handles details of invoicing, billing and delivery.
Goods can often be delivered within an hour of ordering. The hospital
no longer needs to tie up resources in maintaining stock levels. Baxter
Healthcare gain by binding their customers to their system. (see case
study 4)
- Banks have installed a network of ATM's, that allow
customers to withdraw cash at any time. The ATM is linked to a central
computer allowing customers to obtain a credit balance.
- Supermarkets link retail outlets and warehouses more
recently suppliers log on too to provide automatic ordering and
delivery.
- The Internet provides a worldwide network for
information and communication
- Many companies use a LAN and or WAN for internal
communication and data gathering.
- The meteorological office has a network of sensors
around the country. These provide information on local temperature,
wind speed and directions, sunshine and rainfall
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